BACTERIA
Bacteria are mass of prokaryotic cell, which means they don't have any true nucleus, instead they have genetic material arranged in a mass called nucleoid .
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DNA as a genetic material
Features of Genetic Material: Following are the basic requirements of genetic material: It must be stable It must be capable of expressing itself It must be capable of replication It must be inherited from parents to progenies Griffith's Experiment - transforming principle Frederick Griffith, in the year 1928, performed an experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation. The Experiment: The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae was used in the experiment, as it forms two different strains. S III strain, the virulent one have lipopolysaccharide capsule, forming the smooth and capsulated colonies. R II strain, the avirulent one don't have lipopolysaccharide capsule, forming the rough and non-capsulated colonies. In the step first, mouse was injected with S III strain and mouse died. In the second step, mouse was injected with R II strain and mouse survived. In the third step, mouse was injected with heat...
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology is a branch of biology where we study about microorganisms. The microbes we study are so small that cannot be observed by the naked eyes, so we make the use of microscope to observe them. Why we study microbes? We study about microbes for following reasons: whether they are useful or harmful. how do they survive? how can we culture them? what diseases are caused by a specific species? how can we cure the diseases? how these microbes reproduce? and many more reasons are there which may eat up whole day if described here but above mentioned are the major ones. THE FATHER As every subject have it's own father, microbiology too have. we all know that father of biology is Aristotle, but what about microbiology? Anton van Leeuwenhoek, born on 24th October 1632 , in Delft, Netherlands is considered as the Father of Microbiology. In his early days he worked as an apprentice to a linen draper and at the age of 20 he returned back to Delft and esta...
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